Resilient compressible fibrous product



Nov. 13, 1951 A. TALALAY 2,574,849

RESILIENT COMPRESSIBLE FIBROUS PRODUCT Filed Aug. 8, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 lNVENTOR ATTORNEY A. TALALAY 2,5 74,849

RESILIENT COMPRESSIBLE FIBROUS PRODUCT s Sheets- Sheet 2 Nov. 13, 1951 Filed Aug. 8, 1947 INVENTOR BY 4,! W1

ATTO R N EY Nov. 13, 1951 A. TALALAY 2,574,849

RESILIENT COMPRESSIBLE FIBROUS PRODUCT Filed Aug. 8, 1947 s Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Mug BY I l ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 13, 1951 RE SILIENT' ooMPREssmLE muons:- PRODUCT I Anselm Talalay, New Haven, (lq x ass ign te te T e S n bb diwts' osx ensh ton, Conn, a. cprporation otconnecticut Application August a, mam s m No. 7(i'i-, i 8- overall size and shape-by; inhibiting; punching or om a n Qt the fi ament n: an -p rt q tht entanglement when the material is subj eeted in serv ce. su h qut de oresees ch hp essihn or vibration 9r mhvemenho liqui s r sastht hsh m Res liehtmh ri h hav e such a oh te ture n ma uses .s eh sh: uph e a i ush qnihe shhhqr s, h a qn: ah h h Qund r-Qofiha h a in .la hx liqu d; ahshrhtiqn, i ui gas filter-ma a ar et u rlaysh ma eria s a mplo d. f rnitu e, c qthms mec nical appar sahslaspwk ns in shipping andstorage containers.

One object of; the presentinvention is to pro.- d ce a mater l of. is q as whihhi mo e cessful y than heretq ere vc n, w th tand 9 319335? l or s, v brati a oth Qu s de.v esul dis u ance. W tho t unde o n er ane t change or impairment that will objeetionably a t r. e risi a ove all ha 1'. zeof a given ma of he mat r al- A r h ject s to ab c te aleoas mere e of coarse strong filaments, which I may term upholstery fibers, so intermingled with and bonded to a fleeceof much finer filaments contrasting reatly w h id'fib rs ih hes a d st en th which I may e m exti fibr s, t ta space fi ing material results whose performance and endurance in the aforementioned respectsis greatly improved.

A further objectis to, obtain a cooperative reaction between the. contrasting physical characteristics of such upholstery fibers and such fleece of textile fibrilsthus bonded. together that will make use ofthe greater bending resistance and. resilient strength of the individual upholstery fibers by arranging them so as to constitute an unwoven, unfeltedskeleton framework sustaining and adding stamina tav the fleece of much weaker textile fibrils, and; that, will make use of the greater flexibility, stretohability and comparative resilient weakness of the fle ce of te t le fibri s by arran ing the latter o ons t t an .nwoven, unfelted compressible paddingor cushiening filling for the, spa-hes between the: mueh 1 Qlaims. (01. ii-n9);

i o ati el h ts;

str ng r fibers, f. saiditramewq ls thusholster h and addin stsminatsithe t er-v.

A ur her bi t to m he wide se as. hess h ha he er ah lm eavai ane type em 1 he. fin and h a erv a ifies-= or, textilen e ta. in; hdndedj ntan iemerit going to m k up a s ac fil inematl r al ha able} f r nhqls y r. h r si i t hus IEQS'PQYPOSQSI wher s} it h s ere o hrehee s i h h r. S r n l resilient fib rs 013%. Q6 i gle 13 rang shahs ui' rlh mule petisiaq hrily o esr. uph lst ry c0 he inur d ta -lath? serve this purpose. v

- Aillhbhfilj bie t s to QFQQHQ a ress re w stand ng; it? '51 set spaqe fillin m ehal h lu ins a qq h sfl e ehi mm nel d 'flh'm bst ln hhnea. o e h r n which masses. inter t (is, be w en iu tapos r t hhe fi ri srarehi u itqr mih ene s th t intenseand widespread capillary aetion is exsift d thmu lhout the me s 1 1291 a y i uid atr lmh ihe tanass. through. the in e tic s. f, the material so. that a large volume of such liquid h r m d. wit i such (1 H t 4 ihyr nterstices; Th iyi alfilamentsmay be nq hsqrhenthath eqr the maybe nde na ahsorheht' sep lent. tofsp'ecihc li uids by their coating oi ban substance while at the absorhen t tfi obh f k nds of same time being liquids,

Th sh e diha; ryin nd h i ih i i i atei th ugh a'wldely Qpen' skeleton frame or oriental len ent t coarse curled animal hairsv 01 the-like-ahplied: s a cqh hs for. suq hairs, has been propesed; in atten pts'to produce, an imprdt lma ellin m r a f r n h hr h dine; Ithas been found however when attempt is. made to practice this method. with considerablyf ner sizes or counts, of filaments that these hhawehh i amen s do not h the necessary r i ientehe ihsms te sth to Withstand the e ruhtire ors aws.ihh a e brought to bear on them in any known ways of disturbille a iq i h ti ll l lqs em llishme t-2 sr fih ehh of Such fi sizes.

F r ure-ches 0t.ret rehheh ihaf I Shall use the term flbrils, or filaments in the range of textile counts, to designatethe thinner weaker sizes 9f filaments ranging say up to approximateavailab e.si sles ran -fllament Q a o T 56 themaments a d hhe fahi he er r l the may be, are too light or weak in cross section to stand up against known methods of introducing a bonding substance throughout a loosely entangled mass thereof and they yield or mat into a compacted form which reduces or destroys the spaces between them. For example, forcibly spraying a loose entanglement or fieece of dry filaments of the slender weak textile range of gauges, or dragging such loose entanglement through or submerging it in a bath of liquid adhesive, causes the fine filaments to bed down so that much or all of the desired porosity of the original texture is lost and the resulting material becomes objectionably dense. For these and other reasons, proposals to sparsely coat very loosely associated dry filaments with an adhesive liquid or agglutinant have been confined to the thicker and stronger class of filaments orcurled springy upholstery fibers that are heavier in cross section ranging say from approximately 75 deniers upward which sizes are'in the range of upholsterycounts. Heretofore, no very finely intersticed-open.texture, such as a skeleton network consisting solely or mainly offibrils which are of the slender weaktextile counts, has been successfully impregnated with a liquid adhesive in a manner to retain the open texture so far as I am informed other than by processes which actually embed the fibrils within a more or less solid mass of the adhesive substance which immobilizes themas individual filaments and destroys the desired freedom of the individual filaments to flex virtually unimpeded in substantial sections of their length.

Hence further objects. of the invention are to devise ways andmeans for progressively assembling and evenly blending a relatively sparse entanglement of relatively coarse, strong and heavy filaments with a relatively profuse entanglement of relatively slenderLweak and light weight filaments.

A particular-object is' to form such dry assembly into a continuous traveling dry web of the loosely associated filaments priorto coating the latter with an agglutinant.

The above and related objects will appear more .clearly from the followingdescription of typical an intersticed space filling material by known methods of coating and bonding the entangled filaments.

Fig. 2.is likewise explanative and shows the corner, the edges and a portion of the top surface of a coherent body of spaciously intersticed material resulting from coating and bonding together the entangled filaments represented in Fig. l.

' Fig. 3 shows the interstices in an entanglement of coarse filaments or upholstery fibers somewhat sparser than shown in Fig. 1 occupied .by a fleece of entangled finer filaments or textile fibrils some of which are incompletely carded or relatively more closely balled up into pills.

Fig. 4 is a view like Fig. '2 showing a body composed of the mixed-fibers and fibrils of Fig. 3

bonded together. V

Fig. 5 shows a mixture'of the same kind of fibers and'fibrils as in Fig. 3 wherein balling up of the textile fibrils into pills or wads is obliterated by a more uniform and fleecy dispersion of the fibrils among the fibers throughout the material.

Fig. 6 is a View like Figs. 2 and 4 showing a body composed of the entanglement of mixed fibers and fibrils of contrasting sizes represented in Fig. 5 coated and bonded together.

Fig. '7 is a greatly enlarged view of one particular relationship of coarse and fine filaments occurring in Fig. 6 wherein a fleece of the fine bonded textile fibrils forms a cushioning web or fillet in the crotch between two much coarser bonded together crossing fibers.

Fig. 8. shows a fleece of similar bonded fine fibrils forming a pyramidal cone permanently occupying a tapering pocket at the apex of the tent-like space between three coarse bondedtogether intercrossed fibers.

Figs. 9 and 10 show a fieece of similar bonded fine fibrils forming a cushioning diaphragmlike filler for a space encompassed by intercrossed coarse bonded fibers.

Fig. 11 shows a compressible and stretchable network or fleece of fine bonded fibrils forming a web or fillet between juxtapositioned non-contacting coarse fibers that are not otherwise interconnected.

Fig. 12 shows on a still further enlarged scale and partially in cross-section a joint between two crossed coarse fibers attached together only by the fillet-forming bonding effect of an agglutinant that coats thefibers.

Fig. 13 shows the bonded together coarse fibers of Fig. 12 further reinforced by cushioning fleecelike fillets of fine bonded together fibrils.

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of four generally parallel horizontal fibers or coarse filaments bonded to a single vertically extending cross fiber or coarse filament at four relatively close points along the length of the latter.

Fig. 15 shows the acute bending that is imposed on the coarse cross fiber of Fig. 13 when the material is squeezed in a vertical direction.

Fig. 16 is like Fig. 14 showing a reduction in the number of direct bonds between the horizontal coarse fibers and the vertical coarse fiber owing to the presence of an interposed fleece of fibrils or fine filaments.

Fig. 1'7 corresponds with Fig. 15 but shows the relatively less acute bending imposed on the relatively unconstrained vertical fiber or coarse filament of Fig. 16 when subjected to vertical compression.

Fig. 18 shows on a scale larger than in Fig. 6, a fleece-like profusion of entangled bonded fibrils intermingled with a relatively sparse network of bonded fibers.

Fig. 19 shows some of the fibrils of Fig. 18 bunched partially into pills that are imprisoned by neighboring bonded filaments, which pills may or may not be saturated completely with the bonding substance.

My present discovery of new ways and means to produce a more economical and yet better performing and more enduring space filling material can be practiced with many variations both as to the method steps and materials employed, and is typified by the following examples of procedure and product which I have found to be successful in actual practice.

The coarse fibers and fine fibrils herein generically referred to as filaments can be natural or artificial. As examples of natural fibrils or very fine filaments of animal origin can be mennewness tioned wool or silk; As-iexamples ofinatural fibrils; or very fine filaments"ofi vegetablesorigini canrbe; mentioned cotton; kapok; jute', ..orl ramie, coming from the seedsyth'e bast,-'l.the' leaf, Qr'LthefruitOf: plants; As examplesnf synthetic fibrilsizonavery fine'filaments can bementioned; viscose rayon, soybean or. nylon which are; representativesoii c.e1lulose,- protein: or resin fibers; respectively. The fibrils or fine filanients' hereininvolved can: also be inorganic,.asaasbestos, glass; metal.

The fibers or. coarse filaments of: the uphol-stery. type may-be: of animal origin such: as hog: hair, cattle tail. hair; horsemanehair, or may-beefs veg-etableorigin such aszca'ctus-fibers o1- thEJ-JTUIW oruPeta variety, or: maybe-synthetic: such as nylon bristle. As a still more: specific example; if. viscose rayon. staple constitutes: :the fibrils 1 or: fine textilefilaments; alsatisfactorysize or same forsom'e purposes may be 5.51 deniers f. two=incli= to four." inch staple length; In contrast to this the. sizes. of .thefibers or. coarse upholstery filaments might exceed 75 deniers. One denier is the: cross section of a filament; of-which alength of 9, 0O0Jmeters weighs one" gram. Most filaments (with: the exception of inorganic materials; such assilicate glass fibers or metal wires) have den sities between 1.1-(polyethylene). and 1.6(polyvinylidene chloride). Themajority of the technical fibers. (cotton, rayon, silk, nylon, wool) have densitiesbetween l'.3' and .125: In these latter casesthe diameter of a cylindrical filament havin onedenier cross-section 13-104 microns and 9.7 microns, respectively;

I first form a web: orbat consisting of loosely entangled kapok; cotton or celluloseacetate-fibrils or. otherweak filaments-of correspondingly small orv light cross section intermixed with more sparsely entangled fibers consisting of'curledhog hair, curled cattle tail hair, or other strong filaments of correspondingly larger or heavier cross section having considerable stifinessorresilient strength; The proportions of each of the two contrasting sizes and strengths of filaments may vary. One suitable mixture would consistoi fifty percentby weigh-t offibersor cearsefilaments of upholsterysize; comprised of three' parts curledhog hair and one part curled cattle tail hair; along with fifty percent-by weight ofthe fibrilsor fine filaments of textile size which advantageously might consist-entirely oi" viscose rayon staple approximating thesize of same spec.- ifiecl in the preceding'paragraph;

I then cause to be sprayed downward against and through the bat a diluted (say 5%) dispersion of suitably comlffo nded neoprene latex from a spray nozzle that traverses the batatsuch speedas will insure all areas of the bat receiving substantially the same amount of sprayed'latex. The volume and? consistency ofth'e, latex .comprising the spray is made such as" merely tocoat the fibrils and fibers WithOllt filling or jbadly clogging the spaces or voids therebetweenwhereby empty room is left in said spaces and" voids sufficient to permit freeindividual flexing of the thinly coated. fibers and fibrils therein in unbonded sections or their length. 7

During the spraying process the resilient strength of the upholsteryfibers being sprayed sustains the textile fibrils being sprayed effectively against thecompacting dist'or-tive force. of

the spray and at the same time the cushioning effect of' the entangled textile'fibrilslbolsters the relatively skeletonized entanglement of upholstery fibers. The resultant stand-up strength of the fibril entanglement and the fiber entanglementi. combined therefore becomes. g-reate than the: mere" sum; of; the; individual respective strengths: ofsthese .diiferently composed entangle? ments with respect to:- forces:- of c mpression- After. the: coating bf latex:v has been applied hus r anyequi alent manner-capable of dispersing" it throughout thetexture-of the bat, the) sprayed bat; is subjected-to azqne ot heat, which may: emanate from: a. bank-10f. electric infiraered bulbs (not;.:shown) containingdncandescent filaa ments or. .the sprayedibat may 'be heatedinorby a mold or. otherwisetoa sufficiently hightemperature to dryorvulcanize the coating'oflatex or-otheryadhesivescoating'substance; The fibers and/or fibrils where: crossing one another or closely juxtapositionedr are: attached. or bonded together bytthe; coating which" in the case- 01- latex; whether-vulcanized or merely driedeonstitutes: a :flexible; and. resilient: agglutinant: thus forming'a thinflexible:resilientcoating on individual filaments and further; forming: a flexible resilient: bond ,usually iin' the f orm= o-f a; tinyfillet. between juxtapcsitioned pointsv .onneighboring filaments:

My improved: space; filling. material may be. composed of one or any desired number of layers. orbatssuchias-that. described: I have foundione practical specification for; the; thickness. of? the dry bat before: it is-..sprayed;.: to: beL-a- .batt which weighs about. one: quarter; ounce to: a, volume, of. bat-measuring one square foot and: having: a thickness upto one halfrinch. Such batsrafterbeing-sprayed maybe compressed individually; or inparallelv laminated assemblage: or in criss cross laminated: assemblagewhile they are. bein h a treated thereby to bond adjacent bats; together in surface to surfac contact bymfia 1S:Qf;the latex which coats th exposed I filaments;- forming the: perforate face- Off: the. intersticed material, I pr f r to p you h. ase-lutinant bymiar or otherwise to I amount to:.betweenythirty v per: cent and fifty'per cent of thetotal weight oi the whole mat al.

Additional quantities of coating mater al may be-applied. to the already" sprayed bah. for instance bydipping. such .bat -ina; bath of, the coating solution; Added valuabletproperties may beimparted to. the material by applying additionalcoatings of fire retarding and/on water repelling substances either separate y, orzimcome binationswith the bondingesu-bstance;

Referring now to certain principles. of-- this invention asdiagrammed in the drawings, Fig. 1

asheretofore explained represents a; loosely entangled. intersticedmass. composed wholly of upholstery fibers, by which is meant alseareeand costly. typev of strong coarse; filamentsueh'as curled animal. hair which heretofore has, been considered. desirable, asithe sole. ingredient. of

space filling resilient upholstery. padding; while He 2 epr s nts a batc mn sedcf thes t curled loosely entangled animal hair filaments batof Fig; 2.. This crossfiber IE! is bondedto parallel spaced fibers l2." at; four: nearstogether pointst3; 4, 3' al n tsllengthi. When the material of Fig. 2.- is. compressed in a vertical direction-the bonding of fiber H;- to, fibers I2, at

said four close. pointsT restrictsthe -freedom of fiber Hto bow freely and hence makes; necessary acute angular bends in fiber II as shown in Fig. 15 that'are very'likely to exceed the elastic or fatigue limits of the fiber and thereby destroy its ability when released to reassume fully its original shape and sustaining action in the entanglement. My new discovery among other advantages remedies this condition by interposing a compressible and stretchable fleece of entangled fine textile fibrils as IT between that portion of the length of fiber II which crosses the two midway fibers I2 and the said two midway fibers I2 as represented in Fig. 15. While the latex coating I8 may bond such fibrils to one another and to cross fiber I I as well as to parallel fibers I2, the direct and spot impedance of the flber-to-fiber bonds at I4 and I5 are eliminated. Thus an intervening stretchable compressible fleece or padding of flexible entangled bonded fine fibrils I'I becomes substituted for the former positive fixed bonding of fiber-to-fiber at I4 and I5 whereupon, when subjected to the same force as in Fig. 15, fiber I I is now considerably relieved of constraining fixation or concentrated impedance at points I4 and I5 so that it is free for yielding to assume a less acute and less fatiguing bowed curvature as shown in Fig. 1'7.

Another way in which my newly proposed combination of intermixed entanglements of fibers or thick filaments and fibrils or thin filaments enables the latter to help sustain and protect the former from permanent deformation is illustrated in Figs. 12 and 13 wherein the dried and'vulcanized coating substance I8 appears in cross section on a greatly enlarged scale forming a localized tiny bonding fillet I9 at the junc tion of two cross fibers. This localized or concentrated fillet of the bonding substance enables distortive stress caused by compression of the space filling material to deflect the fiber 20 to the sharply flexed broken line position 20. But when the junction corner between these same fibers 20' in Fig. 13 is bolstered by a larger and moreyielding fillet or web of the bonded entane gled fibrils I! as in Fig. 13, a similar distortive stress applied to fiber 20 as under the conditions in Fig. 13 will flex this fiber only as far as broken line position 20" in'Fig. 13. This then is still another way in which the presence of the bonded fibrils I1 intermixed with the bonded fibers I or 20 prevents acute and permanent deformation of a mass space filling material so composed and produces a cushioning strength and resilient endurance of the material far greater than the mere additive strengths and resilient endurances of fibers alone plus the fibrils alone.

Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive, show various random relationships of the coated and bonded fibrils to the intermixed coated and bonded fibers, in each of which relationships the fiber bolstering function of the fibrils and the fibril sustaining function of the fibers is apparent from the foregoing explanation of the mutual physical reactions taking place therebetween.

A representation of loosely entangled mixed fibrils 22 and fibers I 0 in more nearly natural size appears in Fig. which in comparison with Fig. 1 indicates the great saving of such expensive fibers as animal hairs that is made possible by the introduction of loosely entangled and cheaper fine textile fibrils as a substantial or major ingredient of the material. Fig. 6, in comparison with Fig. 2, represents a bat of the bonded fibers I0 and fibrils 22' of Fig. 5 and shows its contrast in appearance with the hat of bonded fibers I0 alone in Fig. 1.

If the thin filaments or fibril constituent of.

my improved space filling material are not thoroughly combed or carded while becoming loosely associated or entangled with the thick filament or fiber constituent of the material, then comparatively compacted though finely intersticed pills 2I of the fibrils may occur at spaced spots in the material as are represented in the loose entanglement of Fig. 3 and in the bonded bat composed of such entanglement as represented in Fig. 4. Because such incompletely carded pills of the fibrils may be so compact as to defeat complete saturation thereof by the sprayed coating and bonding substance, these pills may retain their natural, somewhat dry and unbonded interior thus increasing the absorbent capacity of the space filling material with respect to amounts of liquids which otherwise could leak therethrough. This will reduce the extent of such leakage.

The bonded imprisonment or retention of pills 2|, composed of incompletely carded fibrils I I, in positional relation to fibers I0 is indicated on an enlarged scale in Fig. 18. Fig. 17 on a similarly enlarged scale shows that certain groups of fibrils I'I, even when more uniformly disseminated throughout the material, are similarly stayed or fixed in constant proximity to always the same sustaining fibers III. In either case particular fibrils are prevented by the bonding from vagrant shifting or sifting in relation to particular fibers throughout the material and are thereby prevented from bunching up or packing together in localized areas of the entanglement as would otherwise result from repeated compression or vibration of an unbonded material so composed.

I have found that the tendency of the fibrils to form into pills is more pronounced when the staple length of the fibril is comparatively short. Thus a rayon stapleof one inch lengths will tend to pilling much more than an otherwise like staple of four inch or five inch lengths.

Where the resulting space filling material is desired to be stiff or merely a bit flexible instead of resiliently compressible or stretchable there may be used as the bonding substance of these improvements an emulsion of thermo-setting resin such as Bakelite. Rubber latex as referred to herein represents a substance having the pertinent characteristics of rubber deposited from a dispersion.

This and other substitutes for the particular ingredients of my improved space filling material herein named will occur to those skilled in the art and all such are contemplated and intended to be covered which come fairly within the terminology of the appended claims.

This application is a continuation in part of my copending application, Serial No. 491,407, filed June 8, 1943, and now abandoned.

I claim:

1. A resilient compressible bulk material of in ;a manner. =..to :wleavevoids therebetweemme mminuteithan isaid' spaces but of sufiicient;s eato permit saidl fibrils l tOIflGX within said-LVQiiiSQPQrtions of said fleece occupying said spaces-and forming azcompressible and stretchable padding imprisoned and interspersed at least in part between said fibers and penetrated thereby, and a resilient agglutinant substance thinly coating-and fibrils therein .in unbonded JEQCtlOIlS. of their length.

2. A resilient compressible :bulk material. as

. defined in claim 1, inwhich the said ag 'hltinant substance comprises asubstanceuhaving substantially the resilient.deformability of soft rubber.

3. A resilient compressible bulk material. as definedin claiml, in which the weight of thesaid agglutinant substance constitutes betweenwthirty and fifty per cent otthe overall weightof [the said material.

4. A resilient compressible bulk material of stereoreticulate open filamentary structure comprising an unwoven unfelted skeleton framework of relatively strong resilient fibers of individual thickness within a range of upholstery sizes mutually entangled in a manner to leave spaces therebetween of sufiicient size to permit said fibers to flex within said spaces, and an unwoven unfelted fleece of relatively weak fibrils individually more flexible than said fibers of thinness within a range of textile sizes mutually entangled in a manner to leave voids therebetween more minute than said spaces but of suflicient size to permit said fibrils to flex within said voids, portions of said fleece occupying said spaces and forming a compressible and stretchable padding interspersed at least in part between said fibers and. penetrated thereby, and a resilient agglutinant substance thinly coating and bonding to one another at spaced points said fibers and bonding to one another at spaced points said fibrils and bonding to one another at spaced points at least some of said fibers and some of said fibrils, said coating being sufliciently sparse to leave empty room in said spaces and voids sufficient to permit free individual flexing of said thinly coated fibers and fibrils therein in unbonded sections of their length.

5. A resilient compressible bulk material as defined in claim 4, in which the said compressible and stretchable padding portions of the said fleece of fibrils are arranged to separate the said fibers in a manner to reduce the number of direct fiberto-fiber bonds afforded by the said agglutinant substance thereby relieving said fibers of fatiguing flexure at angles'of acute degree when said material is compressed.

6. A resilient compressible bulk material as defined in claim 4, in which there recurs as a characteristic of its said structure a continuous length of some single fiber crossed by and bonded to a plurality of others of said fibers in the said framework by the said agglutinant substance at two spaced points, said single fiber also being crossed at a point intermediate said two spaced points by a different one of said fibers in the said framework free from direct bonding by said agglutinant substance to said single fiber, said single 1 fiber; being flexibly joined to said, different fiber by only a compressible and;.stretchableportion 1 f; thersa d :fleeca some of w s aid il are ,bondedptorsflid single fiber and others of whose said; fibrilsgarer bonded .t0 said'difierent fiber.

'-7.-;. A resilient compressible ,bulk material as cludes. ,neps stormed by incompletely .-,combed groups of the saidyfibers more Qclosely; bunched than elsewhere in -said fleece.

--8. A res ilientcompressib1e ,bulk -material of stereoreticulate openfilamentary structure comprising an unwoven-unfelted skeleton framework of relatively-strong resilient. fibers individually heavierrin crosssection than 74 deniers mutually entangled in ,amanner to leave spaces-therebetween of suflicient size to permit said fibers to flexxwithin saidspaces, and an unwoven unfelted fleece; of relatively .weak. fibrils individually more flexible than said fibers individually lighter in crossisection-thanel deniers mutually entangled in.-a mannerto leave voids therebetween more minute than; said spaces but of sufficient size to -permit saidfibrils to flex-within said=voids, portl01'1S;-Of saidfleeceoccupying said spaces, and

forming a compressible and stretchable padding imprisonedand interspersed at least in partbe- .tween, said fibers and penetrated ,thereby, and

constituting the said fleece approximating the combined weight of all the said upholstery fibers constituting the said framework.

9. A resilient compressible bulk material of stereoreticulate open filamentary structure comprising an unwoven unfelted skeleton framework of relatively strong resilient fibers individually heavier in cross section than 74 deniers mutually entangled in a manner to leave spaces therebetween of sufficient size to permit said fibers to flex within said spaces, and an unwoven unfelted fleece of relatively weak fibrils individually more flexible than said fibers individually lighter in cross section than 41 deniers mutually entangled in a manner to leave voids therebetween more minute than said spaces but of sufiicient size to permit said fibrils to flex within said voids, portions of said fleece occupying said spaces and forming a compressible and stretchablepadding imprisoned and interspersed at least in part between said fibers and penetrated thereby, and aresilient agglutinant substance thinly coating and bonding to one another at spaced points said fibers and coating and bonding to one another at spaced points said fibrils and bonding to one another at spaced points at least some of said fibers and some of said fibrils, said coating being sufficiently sparse to leave empty room in said spaces and voids sufiicient to permit free individual flexing of said thinly coated fibers and fibrils therein in unbonded sections of their length, the combined weight of all the said textile fibrils constituting the said fleece approximating the combined weight of all the said upholstery fibers constituting the said framework, and the weight of the said agglutinant substance constituting between thirty and fifty per cent of the overall weight of the said material.

10. A resilient compressible bulk material of stereoreticulate open filamentary structure comprising an unwoven unfelted skeleton framework of relatively strong resilient fibers comprising curled animal hair individually heavier in cross section than 74 deniers mutually entangled in a manner to leave spaces therebetween of sufiicient size to permit said fibers to flex Within said spaces, and an unwoven unfelted fleece of relatively weak fibrils comprising viscose rayon staple individually more flexible than said fibers individually fighter in cross section than 41 deniers mutually entangled in a manner to leave voids therebetween more minute than said spaces but of suificient size to permit said fibrils to flex within said voids, portions of said fleece occupying said spaces and forming a compressible and stretchable padding imprisoned and interspersed at least in part between said fibers and penetrated thereby, and a resilient agglutinant substance thinly coating and bonding to one another at spaced points said fibers and coating and bonding to one another at spaced points said fibrils and bonding to one another at spaced points at least some of said fibers and some of said fibrils, said coating being sufliciently sparse to leave empty 12 room in said spaces and voids suflicient to permit free individual flexing of said thinly coated fibers and fibrils therein in unbonded sections of their length.

ANSELM TALALAY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

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1. A RESILENT COMPRESSIBLE BULK MATERIAL OF STEREOETICULATE OPEN FILAMENTARY STRUCTURE COMPRISING AN UNWOVEN UNFELTED SKELETON FRAMEWORK OF RELATIVELY STRONG RESILENT FIBERS INDIVIDUALLY HEAVIER IN CROSS SECTION THAN 74 DENIERS MUTUALLY ENTANGLED IN A MANNER TO LEAVE SPACES THEREBETWEEN OF SUFFICIENT SIZE TO PERMIT SAID FIBERS TO FLEX WITHIN SAID SPACES, AND AN UNWOVEN UNFELTED FLEECE OF RELATIVELY WEAK FIBRILS INDIVIDUALLY MORE FLEXIBLE THAN SAID FIBERS INDIVIDUALLY LIGHTER IN CROSS SECTION THAN 41 DENIERS MUTUALLY ENTANGLED IN A MANNER TO LEAVE VOIDS THEREBETWEEN MORE MINUTE THAN SAID SPACES BUT OF SUFFICIENT SIZE TO PERMIT SAID FIBRILS TO FLEX WITHIN SAID VOIDS, PORTIONS OF SAID FLEECE OCCUPYING SAID SPACES AND FORMING A COMPRESSIBLE AND STRETCHABLE PADDING IMPRISONED AND INTERSPERSED AT LEAST IN PART BETWEEN SAID FIBERS AND PENETRATED THEREBY, AND A RESILENT AGGLUTINANT SUBSTANCE THINLY COATING AND BONDING TO ONE ANOTHER AT SPACED POINTS SAID FIBERS AND COATING AND BONDING TO ONE ANOTHER AT SPACED POINTS SAID FIBRILS AND BONDING TO ONE ANOTHER AT SPACED POINTS AT LEAST SOME OF SAID FIBERS AND SOME OF SAID FIBRILS, SAID COATING BEING SUFFICIENTLY SPARSE TO LEAVE EMPTY ROOM IN SAID SPACES AND VOIDS SUFFICIENT TO PERMIT FREE INDIVIDUAL FLEXING OF SAID THINLY COATED FIBERS AND FIBRILS THEREIN IN UNBONDED SECTIONS OF THEIR LENGTH. 